Vodka
Vinovata printing
This option labels without compromising the appearance could be obtained only if there are high-quality printing. However, most printers in the post-war period did not have such opportunities. Therefore, when replicating labels across the country have begun to simplify the drawing. Architectural elements of the building, very apparent in the first version of labels, were now only marked, and not all of them. Differences in shades of gray paint, attached drawing volume, destroy, awareness building disappeared. Although the Hotel «Moscow» and was one of «business cards» capital, citizens of the country, sometimes even in Moscow have not always identified with the construction drawing on Manege Square.
In 1966, according to the survey, the majority felt that depicted some industrial buildings, often called the elevator, sometimes suspected corpus Moscow liquor-vodka factory. Later «hurt» and font. Spiral twirl in almost disappeared, and «tail» letters «I» shortened. Font instead tracings was accompanied by a «shadow», to accord him «chooped». Meanwhile, the label still remembers. Moreover, it is the first and only long vodka labels, where graffiti was drawing. A picture of buildings on vodka labels have not met before the start of 1990 – x.
Even the «architectural excesses» to another «robust» production later emerged, such characteristic silhouette of the towers on the label famous Riga balsam. In short, vodka labels «Stolichnaya» bright allocated in a series of similar printed materials 1940-1960 – ies. It is noteworthy that a bottle of «Metropolitan» vodka – the only piece of Soviet goods mentioned in the book Thomas Hayna «All of the package» as an outstanding example of design alcoholic products.
Export
Year of export of «Metropolitan» called 1972 – th, 1969 – th, 1960 – first and generalized: Top 60 – x. Most of these dates have a precarious though, but justification. In early 1960 – x at a U.S. exhibition in Moscow NS Khrushchev ugostili «Pepsi», and drink it like so liked that he invited the company to begin production in the USSR in exchange for the spread of Russian vodka in the States. Nikita really tried «Pepsi», and the manufacturer has used this fact by posting a photo of then Soviet leader with this drink. But the Americans began to build a factory for the production of «Pepsi» in Novorossiysk, and the company «Pepsi Co.» became a distributor in the U.S. vodka from the USSR only on a treaty in 1972. In 1969 – the year the establishment of the WTO «Soyuzplodoimport», delivers vodka abroad. Then guessed the first time to patent and trademark label, and at the same time and the slogan: «Only vodka from Russia – a real Russian vodka». However, previously supplied vodka other external trade organization, which just took a new organization of functions. 1960-first as a year of export of «Metropolitan» on a site called Samara liquor-vodka plant, and stressed that «Stolichnaya» SLVZ production went abroad first.
In fact, this export vodka began no later than 1956. In the same № 7 for the magazine in 1957 «Spirtovaya industry» has made an indirect confirmation. In the article published on the establishment in late 1956, rationalizers Leningrad LVZ machines for zavertyvaniya bottles of vodka in the paper states that «Stolichnaya» should be wrapped in paper on the conditions of supply. Do not even think that such a «condition of delivery» to obtain Soviet trade organization, but to foreign buyers. So, in 1956, vodka «Capital», at least, the Leningrad production, has already shipped for export. And we should believe that is not in miserable quantities, if labour zavertyvaniya required to entrust the «shoulders» machines, wrapped products with a capacity of 3000 bottles per hour.
Label for export
When you create labels for abroad to build on already existing «internal» (simplified version), while retaining its core elements. In the first place in the title replaced the Cyrillic alphabet to Latin. And although the font remained virtually the same, from perecherkivaniya capitalized refused, otherwise it would like the dollar sign. Products were given «gold».
In addition, there is an inscription on the label, to recommend to cool the product before use, but in its upper left corner houses emblem «Prodintorga» – trade organization, is delivered before 1969 drink abroad. At a bottle and koleretka with the inscription in English, states that a real Russian vodka. As seen export bottle «Metropolitan» in the first half – mid-1960 – ies, you can see, for example, a poster advertising «Prodintorga» in 1965.
Actually, except for the inscription in English, the presence of «gold» and export quality printing labels from labels for the domestic market differed slightly. When in late 1960 – x labels designed for different sorts of vodkas and nastoykas shipped abroad, the overall design vnutrisoyuznyh labels remained, with some added elements, the same for all of vodka products in the export manufacturing. A «Metropolitan» They were two wide red stripes above and below. At the top – an inscription in white STOLICHNAYA, on the bottom – RUSSIAN VODKA.
In addition, there were images of medals – at that time there were two. (Two received later on export label is not made.) Appearance labels is better not only in terms of colours, but also the size: the ratio of greater height to width labels went only to the benefit of its visual perception. It is this label was registered as a trademark in 1969. At the same time, the «Metropolitan», intended for export, and appeared kontretiketka. Initially bilateral images medals were located in two rows, and they practically covered pediment shown hotels, a hoist because of the inscription significantly medals hide principal facade.
The building has become even less recognizable. It is possible that this was why the image of medals were later placed in a row. Elements of export labels have appeared on the labels of products for the domestic market in mid-1970 – x. Product often written in Russian, but inscriptions on the bands met in Latin as well as in Cyrillic. However, because of the limited capacity of most printers, and probably saving often instead of «gold» used paint yellow and brown shades.
The word «vodka» appeared in Russia not earlier XIV century. The first mention of the word same occurs in the chronicle of Novgorod in 1533. Then, as now, under the implied spirtovodnuyu mixture of vodka, though it is unclear what relationship. However, this mixture was considered essential, in particular disinfection means. Although, of course, already in those days, and this mixture used in its current appointment. Spirtovodny product is used for drinking, wore many other names, often called his «bread wine».
For the first time the word «vodka» in the sense of «alcoholic beverage» was used in the public document on June 8, 1751 in the Decree of Empress Elizabeth. Meanwhile product, which we know well, vodka has become, thanks to the work DI Mendeleyev and other Russian chemists. From 1894 to 1902 year in Russia introduced in stages vodkabottle state monopoly. In 1894 – m was created first, how would now say, a standard that take vodka.
Vodka became known as a product containing a mixture of bread (rye or wheat) of alcohol and water in a ratio – 40 and 60% respectively. Then, to distinguish a product made by the standard of drinks, which can be used and other types of edible alcohol, other components of the relationship, as well as flavoured, was first used the term «Moscow vodka». In some cases, it added the word «special».
In 1902, in the definition of vodka in Moscow had been amended. Since this year the Moscow vodka was considered a product, which is a grain (bread) alcohol, peretroenny (four cleaning) and divorced by the weight of water accurately up to 40%. The use of those documents in a combination of words «Moscow vodka», yes even «special», has led some modern researchers argue that a product called «special Moskovskaya vodka», which have proliferated in the country and the world, and which produced up to now, has existed since 1894 year. However, it is not. Vodka «special Moscow» with its modern recipe was created by specialists of Moscow liquor-vodka factory. For this recipe «Moscow a special» prepared to Fractionation alcohol with the addition of acetate of sodium. Founded reported different: 1939 and 1940 – first. But this «dvoyakost» in possible date. It may be that recipes come from the date of receipt and its official registration.
Who, and the main thing – when?
But much to confuse the situation with a year of the establishment of vodka «Capital». In different sources author of this material meet early six (!) Dates the creation of vodka «Capital», stretched in the interval of fifteen: 1938, 1941, 1944, 1948, 1951 and 1953. Meanwhile, PG correspondent was read half a dozen books, magazines «Spirtovaya industry» (1954-1965), «The food and processing industry» (1986-1987), «Food Industry» (1988-2007), «Packaging» (2000 -2006), «Foreign Trade» (1977-1980), and also view more than 1000 references on the Internet. Reported by different sources in the same recipe and technology «Metropolitan», in fact, identical.
For the manufacture of ethyl alcohol is used for grain commodities higher clearance, are subject to lengthy processing and special activated carbon filtration. To mitigate the taste of a small amount of added sugar (0.2 g per 100 ml). Author recipe called one – Victor G. Svirida. Thus, in 1938 called in the House of patent disputes Federal Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks (Rospatent), created in 2005 as a result of studies undertaken to determine the dispute over ownership of the trademark (brand) «Capital Stolichnaya».
In the House of patent disputes is interesting allegations: «Label vodka» Stolichnaya Stolichnaya «was developed in 1938, and from 1941-1942 vodka» Stolichnaya Stolichnaya «released on liquor-vodka factories of the Soviet Union with a single label and under a single name». «The earliest contained in the archives of confirmation on the production of vodka» Stolichnaya Stolichnaya «refers to in 1948″. Encountered years creating – 1941 and 1948 – are clearly of «roots», pulling from this document. 1951 in’ve sources met only once in 1953 referred only to the plant site «Crystal», where the history of the factory reads as follows: «In 1953, the factory was established famous vodka» Capital «. Its author was brewers extra-class VG Sviridov.
Already in 1954, this class receives international recognition: in the procedure of «blind testing» vodka «Stolichnaya» won the famous brand Smirnoff «. The most frequently called Year 1944 is the creation – of room. This date, for example, is given in the book LD Miroshnichenko «Encyclopedia of alcohol»: «The author of a prescription» Metropolitan «is V. Sviridov, who developed it in blockaded Leningrad, as written in official document,» for the supply of superior commanders and urban front organizations «. The same date and is named in the article in «Komsomolskaya Pravda» on June 18, 1999.
Some authors are very careful in determining the year creating «Metropolitan». Thus, the general director of «House of Russian vodka» writer and historian A. Nikishin said in an interview with the newspaper «Trud» (№ 160 for August 26, 2004): «There are several versions. According to one, the recipe for «Metropolitan» was established in blockaded Leningrad… According to another version, it was invented in the factory «Crystal» in 1948. As its name appeared only in 1953 – m «. On the question of «why?» CEO only lamented that «somehow constant and qualitative work on the history of national product (vodki. – Prim. PG), which Russia should rightly be proud, no». If such proved to nesvedusch director of «House», how do the rest? There seems to understand what good stories «Metropolitan» failed to none.
Analysis dates
It would seem that an official document Chamber of patent disputes, which calls the creation of Year 1938 – and excludes any disputes to the emergence of the term of vodka «Capital». Meanwhile in that document is something that does not allow unconditionally accept 1938 – a year as the establishment of the now widely known in the world of alcoholic beverages. And in general, the presence of many dates pushes for «investigation», using publicly available sources. Creating a «Metropolitan» in 1938, contrary to popular belief that «Moscow special» older «Metropolitan».
Strangely enough, that the product created in 1938 – m, began in enterprises produced liquor-vodka industry only 2,5-3 years later. In doing so, it is noted that there are only a confirmation of production in 1948. What then founded previous information? From the references in the document only help VNII food biotechnology from April 16, 1991 could provide such information.
But experts have reported that the same Institute (NII it was called then, alcohol and liquor-vodka industry) 34 years earlier. In Soviet country before any significant date was taken raportovat on achievements. Thus, in № 7 for the magazine in 1957 «Spirtovaya industry» SRI staff and J. B. Arefiev Faershtern, reporting on domestic victories liquor-vodka industry for 40 years of Soviet power, among prewar ostizheny called only one class of vodka «Moscow special». Noting the postwar successes, article reported a significant increase in the range of products and indicates that among the «new products developed in these years, the original high-quality products such as» Stolichnaya vodka «,» Ukrainian gorilka «…».
Why are «a special Moscow» has earned a separate paragraph, a «Capital» – only mention in the listing, albeit in the first place, not difficult to guess. At the time, «Moscow» has already received international recognition – a gold medal at the international exhibition in Bern in 1954, a similar medal, its first award, «Capital» will receive only one year – in 1958 – m. It was questioned beginning the development of release «Metropolitan» in the years 1941-1942 and for other reasons.
Issuance of a new vodka products, so even «with a single label», starting in June 1941 probably could not be pressing problem for the national economy. In the above-mentioned «Jubilee» article stated that due to acute shortage of bottles during the war years 90% of vodka bottles in the barrel. In such a package delivered to the front vodka for «100 grams of combat». And more often – alcohol, which is divorce on the ground water. (By the way, bottles of vodka barrels stopped only in 1950.) A preserved in bottles placed more topical at the time products – «Molotov cocktail», and what were then mostly busy filling the remaining lines in the rear of liquor-vodka factories.
In 1944 raises some doubts because of certain phrases, usually accompanied by that date: «in blockaded Leningrad», «Leningrad V. Svirida».
But the blockade of Leningrad was finally withdrawn on January 27, 1944. And in 1945 the book was published VG Sviridov (Automatic washing machines for bottles. – Moscow: Pischepromizdat, 1945), where a foreword by «the author» is the signature «VG Sviridov, Moscow, 1944 «. So to say that Svirida in 1944 – was leningradcem m, you can not. He was a leading specialist «Glavlikervodki» – cupola foodborne Narkomata, covering the production of vodka. But in 1940 and 1941, Victor G. naezzhal periodically to the city on the Neva River.
The fact is that in February 41 – the first in the pilot mechanical shop Leningrad liquor-vodka plant by local engineers and workers finished assembling one of the first two in the USSR machines for washing bottles. And there Svirida attended as a representative Glavka. When writing the book Victor G., most likely in 1944, visited the city-hero. Sviridov, undoubtedly, was an outstanding engineer, both engineer and a mechanic – this can be gauged on a number of his works on the equipment – and an engineer-technologist. For example, the already mentioned «Jubilee» article in 1957 states: «along with liquor drinks at Yaroslavl spirtovodochnom refinery was mastered the production of domestic whisky on the scheme proposed by VG Sviridov «.
So, VG Sviridov, undoubtedly, the highly skilled and talented people can create recipes vodka «Capital». Known his men called Sviridu technologist from God. In 1944, he was at the very dawn of creative forces, he was 38 years old, and certainly to yearn for it by years of war for interesting work.
The plant «Kristall» knows exactly what must be Russian vodka
And in Leningrad in the year he visited. But who could give him a job to the development of the drink? Town party or the City on the Neva? Hardly: Svirida – albeit representative «vodka», but the Centre – not subject to local authorities. Victor G. Such a task could receive from his superiors. But why then create vodka in Leningrad, when in Moscow «at hand» and the plant, and NII? Leningrad, vodka «Capital», Viktor Sviridu in 1944 and can link only one. The job had been received leadership of the Leningrad plant, as it is, rather, on friendship appealed for help to come to them well-known specialist.
Who created the label?
On the authorized figure placed on the label «Metropolitan», the case is also complicated. Here is called two: Andrei Borisovich Iogansona Mihajlovic and Vladimir Yakovlev. Messages relating to the first authorized, usually accompanied by a proviso: «talk», «speak», «like» etc. The only specific source of the information indicated only son A.B. Iogansona, sculptor and writer Igor Ioganson. Próxima interesting and, sometimes accompanying reports of authorship Iogansona – that he made a graphic labels for a few minutes, sitting at the cafe table. Although it is more «on-Parisian», but it is quite possible. The building of hotel «Moscow», namely that the creation of architect AV Museum shown on the label «Metropolitan», in the perspective can be seen only with the angle of Gorky Street and Prospect Marx (Tver and Mohovoy respectively – for now). And there down a popular cafe in the hotel «National».
Blame VM Yakovlev is not accompanied by any reservations. His, for example, the author describes as the oldest member of labels combine «Soyuzprodoformlenie» artist BN Sennovsky. The most interesting thing is that the authors label «Metropolitan» can be both an artist: both worked on a lot of posters advertising food products.
Theoretically, the label «Metropolitan» could emerge in 1938 – m, the construction of the hotel «Moscow» was completed just in that year. But then, perhaps, is the version with Iogansonom dismiss. Hardly could entrust the creation labels of young artists (born in 1916), does not yet manifested itself, is that it has known name. Father Andrew – known Soviet artist Boris Ioganson. But Yakovlev, being eight years older, could create a label in 1938 – m, and in the postwar years.
An important finding
Originally a label with all nebroskosti design looked impressive. Larger hotels, executed in shades of gray, even allowed to see some architectural elements of the building. Equally impressive was viewed name on the label products. The inscription naiskos, font, imitating the writing «by hand», located in two lines.
Typical capital letter «S», negates the line running down from the top curlicue letters, done in a spiral. Remember the letter was, and «I». The inscription was made in shades of gray, darker images of buildings, font because of tracings black line seemed relief. The only adornment label was very narrow red frame, with the outside which was about four times wider band of the same colour as the font.
The most important finding correspondent at PG if not detected the first version labels, the first one – is the emblem in the upper left corner. It horizontal inscription, negates the image bottles: «Glavlikervodka», but in a circle: «Narkompischeprom USSR». Thanks to this «discovery» search shoulder. The fact is that on March 15, 1946 the USSR Supreme Soviet adopted a decree «On the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR Council of Ministers of the USSR».
And all narkomaty became known as the ministries. Thus, the label «Metropolitan» was established no later than mid-March 1946. Even taking into account the fact that both the artist, allegedly, if necessary, can work very quickly, required some time for final clearance and to harmonize the finished drawing labels, so a job at creating labels can be safely limited to 1945.
Of course, is that «zapryagayut the cart before the horse», but little likelihood that the artist, whoever he is, got the job to the early establishment of the product label. Therefore, it can be argued that vodka «Capital» and labels for bottles with the drink had been established no later than 1945. And «Soyuzprodoformlenie», one of the achievements of the label which is called «Metropolitan», neither of which is here – it just was not then (Mill «Prodoformlenie» founded in 1947 and existed until 1993 – go; since mid-1960 – x – artistically – Combine design «Soyuzprodoformlenie»). Unfortunately, the exact dates associated with the history of «Metropolitan», as a result of journalistic investigation was unable to identify. But it allowed half that reduce the period during which could be created «Capital» and a label for it. Actually, left two dates: 1938 and in 1944. Probably, this analysis will help to someone in establishing the truth.
